Legitimized [SEC556: IoT Penetration Testing] Expert – Led Video Course – MASTERYTRAIL

1. Introduction to IoT Security
1.1 Definition of IoT
1.2 IoT Architecture Overview
1.3 Types of IoT Devices
1.4 IoT Use Cases
1.5 Security Challenges in IoT
1.6 Threat Landscape for IoT
1.7 Attack Surfaces in IoT
1.8 Security Goals in IoT
1.9 Overview of IoT Standards
1.10 Role of Penetration Testing in IoT Security

2. IoT Device Hardware Fundamentals
2.1 Common IoT Hardware Components
2.2 Microcontrollers vs Microprocessors
2.3 System-on-Chip (SoC)
2.4 Sensors and Actuators
2.5 Memory Types in IoT Devices
2.6 Communication Modules
2.7 Power Management in IoT
2.8 Physical Ports and Interfaces
2.9 PCB Design and Security
2.10 Identifying Debug Ports

3. IoT Device Firmware
3.1 What is Firmware?
3.2 Types of Firmware in IoT
3.3 Firmware Update Mechanisms
3.4 Identifying Firmware Versions
3.5 Extraction Methods
3.6 Firmware Reverse Engineering
3.7 Firmware Analysis Tools
3.8 Common Firmware Vulnerabilities
3.9 Firmware Emulation
3.10 Firmware Patching

4. IoT Network Protocols
4.1 Introduction to IoT Protocols
4.2 TCP/IP in IoT
4.3 MQTT Protocol
4.4 CoAP Protocol
4.5 Zigbee Protocol
4.6 Z-Wave Protocol
4.7 Bluetooth and BLE
4.8 LoRaWAN
4.9 HTTP and HTTPS Usage
4.10 Protocol Security Issues

5. IoT Device Enumeration
5.1 Device Discovery Techniques
5.2 Identifying Device Types
5.3 MAC Address Analysis
5.4 Network Scanning Tools
5.5 Service Enumeration
5.6 Banner Grabbing
5.7 Passive vs Active Enumeration
5.8 Identifying Open Ports
5.9 IoT Fingerprinting
5.10 Asset Inventory Creation

6. Setting Up IoT Lab Environments
6.1 Selecting Test Devices
6.2 Lab Network Design
6.3 Virtualization Tools
6.4 Emulation vs Physical Devices
6.5 Safety Precautions
6.6 Isolating IoT Networks
6.7 Test Equipment Overview
6.8 Data Capture Tools
6.9 Power Supply Management
6.10 Lab Maintenance

7. Legal and Ethical Considerations
7.1 IoT Penetration Testing Ethics
7.2 Obtaining Permissions
7.3 NDA and Legal Agreements
7.4 Compliance Standards
7.5 Privacy Laws
7.6 Data Protection
7.7 Responsible Disclosure
7.8 Reporting Requirements
7.9 Safe Harbor Policies
7.10 Scope Definition

8. IoT Threat Modeling
8.1 What is Threat Modeling?
8.2 STRIDE in IoT
8.3 Attack Trees
8.4 Data Flow Diagrams
8.5 Identifying Assets
8.6 Identifying Attackers
8.7 Identifying Vulnerabilities
8.8 Risk Assessment
8.9 Mitigation Planning
8.10 Threat Modeling Tools

9. Physical Security in IoT
9.1 Physical Access Attacks
9.2 Tamper-Resistant Design
9.3 Lock Picking Risks
9.4 Port Protection
9.5 Device Theft Scenarios
9.6 Environmental Attacks
9.7 Side-channel Attacks
9.8 Hardware Trojans
9.9 Physical Security Best Practices
9.10 Physical Security Testing

10. Hardware Hacking Techniques
10.1 JTAG and UART Interfaces
10.2 Chip-Off Attacks
10.3 In-Circuit Debugging
10.4 Logic Analyzers
10.5 Signal Probing
10.6 EEPROM Dumping
10.7 Fault Injection
10.8 Hardware Key Extraction
10.9 Bypassing Secure Boot
10.10 Hardware Hacking Tools

11. Firmware Extraction Techniques
11.1 Vendor Websites
11.2 Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates
11.3 Serial Console Access
11.4 JTAG Access
11.5 SPI Flash Dumping
11.6 NAND/NOR Flash Reading
11.7 Firmware Recovery from Bricked Devices
11.8 Firmware Extraction from Update Files
11.9 Firmware Extraction Tools
11.10 Legal Considerations

12. Firmware Analysis Basics
12.1 File System Identification
12.2 Unpacking Firmware Images
12.3 Identifying Executable Files
12.4 Analyzing Configuration Files
12.5 Extracting Certificates and Keys
12.6 Locating Hardcoded Credentials
12.7 Static Analysis Techniques
12.8 Dynamic Analysis Basics
12.9 Firmware Decompilers
12.10 Automated Analysis Tools

13. Embedded Operating Systems
13.1 Overview of Embedded OS
13.2 Linux in IoT Devices
13.3 RTOS in IoT
13.4 Proprietary OS in IoT
13.5 Bootloaders
13.6 Init Systems
13.7 File System Types
13.8 Kernel Modules
13.9 OS Hardening
13.10 OS Vulnerabilities

14. Reverse Engineering IoT Devices
14.1 Introduction to Reverse Engineering
14.2 Disassemblers and Decompilers
14.3 Binary Analysis Tools
14.4 Identifying Functionality
14.5 Code Flow Analysis
14.6 Extracting Secrets
14.7 Reverse Engineering Protocols
14.8 Anti-Reversing Techniques
14.9 Legal and Ethical Issues
14.10 Reporting Findings

15. Software Security in IoT
15.1 Secure Coding Principles
15.2 Input Validation
15.3 Buffer Overflows in IoT
15.4 Command Injection
15.5 Privilege Escalation
15.6 Insecure Defaults
15.7 Third-Party Library Risks
15.8 Memory Corruption
15.9 Software Patch Management
15.10 Static and Dynamic Code Analysis

16. Web Interfaces in IoT
16.1 Web Servers on IoT Devices
16.2 Common Web Technologies
16.3 Authentication Mechanisms
16.4 Session Management
16.5 Web Vulnerability Scanning
16.6 XSS and CSRF in IoT
16.7 Directory Traversal
16.8 Remote Code Execution
16.9 Web Application Firewalls
16.10 Secure Web Interface Design

17. Mobile Application Security in IoT
17.1 Role of Mobile Apps in IoT
17.2 Android/iOS App Analysis
17.3 API Communication
17.4 Reverse Engineering Mobile Apps
17.5 Insecure Data Storage
17.6 API Key Exposure
17.7 Mobile App Penetration Tools
17.8 Dynamic Analysis of Apps
17.9 App Permissions Review
17.10 Secure Mobile App Practices

18. Wireless Attacks in IoT
18.1 Wireless Protocol Overview
18.2 Wi-Fi Attacks
18.3 Bluetooth/BLE Attacks
18.4 Zigbee Attacks
18.5 Z-Wave Attacks
18.6 RFID/NFC Attacks
18.7 Side-Channel Attacks
18.8 Jamming and Interference
18.9 Wireless Sniffing Tools
18.10 Wireless Security Best Practices

19. Network Attacks on IoT
19.1 Network Sniffing
19.2 Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
19.3 ARP Spoofing
19.4 DNS Poisoning
19.5 Replay Attacks
19.6 Protocol Fuzzing
19.7 Network Segmentation
19.8 Intrusion Detection
19.9 Packet Analysis Tools
19.10 Network Attack Mitigations

20. Cloud Security in IoT
20.1 IoT Cloud Architectures
20.2 Cloud Service Models
20.3 Data Transmission Security
20.4 Authentication in Cloud Services
20.5 API Security
20.6 Cloud Storage Risks
20.7 Logging and Monitoring
20.8 Cloud Misconfigurations
20.9 Incident Response in Cloud
20.10 Cloud Security Best Practices

21. Exploitation Techniques in IoT
21.1 Exploit Development Basics
21.2 Buffer Overflow Exploits
21.3 Command Injection Exploits
21.4 Privilege Escalation Exploits
21.5 Web Exploitation
21.6 Wireless Exploitation
21.7 Reverse Shells
21.8 Custom Payloads
21.9 Exploitation Automation
21.10 Post-Exploitation Activities

22. Credential Attacks in IoT
22.1 Default Credentials
22.2 Brute-Force Attacks
22.3 Password Spraying
22.4 Credential Harvesting
22.5 Hash Extraction
22.6 Password Storage Security
22.7 Credential Stuffing
22.8 Rainbow Table Attacks
22.9 Password Cracking Tools
22.10 Credential Attack Mitigation

23. IoT Device Forensics
23.1 Importance of Forensics
23.2 Evidence Acquisition
23.3 Chain of Custody
23.4 Memory Analysis
23.5 Storage Analysis
23.6 Network Forensics
23.7 Log Analysis
23.8 Artifact Recovery
23.9 Forensic Tools
23.10 Reporting Forensic Findings

24. Secure Boot and Trusted Execution
24.1 What is Secure Boot?
24.2 Secure Boot Implementations
24.3 Trusted Execution Environments
24.4 Measured Boot
24.5 Secure Storage
24.6 Attacks on Secure Boot
24.7 TPM in IoT
24.8 Secure Boot Bypass
24.9 Firmware Integrity Checking
24.10 Secure Boot Best Practices

25. IoT Device Hardening
25.1 Hardening Principles
25.2 Disabling Unused Services
25.3 Default Password Changes
25.4 Service Access Restrictions
25.5 Secure OS Configuration
25.6 Secure Firmware Updates
25.7 Physical Security Hardening
25.8 Network Security Hardening
25.9 Monitoring and Logging
25.10 Hardening Verification

26. Vulnerability Assessment in IoT
26.1 Vulnerability Assessment Process
26.2 Automated Scanning Tools
26.3 Manual Vulnerability Assessment
26.4 Vulnerability Scoring
26.5 Patch Management
26.6 Vulnerability Disclosure
26.7 Remediation Planning
26.8 Verification and Validation
26.9 Continuous Assessment
26.10 Assessment Reporting

27. Penetration Testing Methodologies
27.1 Black Box Testing
27.2 White Box Testing
27.3 Gray Box Testing
27.4 OSSTMM Overview
27.5 PTES for IoT
27.6 NIST Penetration Testing Guidelines
27.7 IoT-Specific Testing Steps
27.8 Scoping and Planning
27.9 Test Execution
27.10 Reporting Results

28. Reporting and Documentation
28.1 Importance of Documentation
28.2 Report Structure
28.3 Executive Summaries
28.4 Technical Details
28.5 Proof of Concept
28.6 Remediation Recommendations
28.7 Risk Assessment
28.8 Appendices and References
28.9 Communication with Stakeholders
28.10 Secure Storage of Reports

29. Social Engineering in IoT
29.1 Social Engineering Concepts
29.2 Phishing IoT Users
29.3 Pretexting Scenarios
29.4 Physical Social Engineering
29.5 Device Impersonation
29.6 Social Engineering Defense
29.7 Awareness Training
29.8 Human Factor Testing
29.9 Reporting Social Engineering Attacks
29.10 Integration into IoT Penetration Testing

30. Secure IoT Development Lifecycle
30.1 Secure SDLC Overview
30.2 Security by Design
30.3 Threat Modeling in SDLC
30.4 Secure Coding Practices
30.5 Security Testing in Development
30.6 Code Review Processes
30.7 Continuous Integration Security
30.8 Secure Deployment
30.9 Post-Deployment Monitoring
30.10 Developer Security Training

31. IoT Security Frameworks & Standards
31.1 NIST IoT Framework
31.2 OWASP IoT Top 10
31.3 ISO/IEC 27030
31.4 ENISA Guidelines
31.5 IoT Security Foundation Standards
31.6 GDPR and IoT
31.7 Industry-Specific Standards
31.8 Certification Programs
31.9 Framework Comparison
31.10 Implementation Challenges

32. Privacy Concerns in IoT
32.1 Data Privacy in IoT
32.2 Personally Identifiable Information
32.3 Privacy by Design
32.4 Data Minimization
32.5 Consent Management
32.6 Data Retention Policies
32.7 Regulatory Compliance
32.8 Privacy Impact Assessments
32.9 Privacy Breach Scenarios
32.10 Privacy Enhancing Technologies

33. Supply Chain Risks in IoT
33.1 IoT Supply Chain Overview
33.2 Hardware Supply Chain Risks
33.3 Software Supply Chain Risks
33.4 Third-Party Vendor Assessment
33.5 Firmware Supply Chain Attacks
33.6 Counterfeit Components
33.7 Secure Procurement Practices
33.8 Supply Chain Monitoring
33.9 Incident Response
33.10 Best Practices

34. Incident Response in IoT Environments
34.1 Incident Response Basics
34.2 Detection Mechanisms
34.3 Containment Strategies
34.4 Eradication Procedures
34.5 Recovery Steps
34.6 Post-Incident Analysis
34.7 IoT-Specific Challenges
34.8 Forensic Readiness
34.9 Incident Reporting
34.10 Lessons Learned

35. Red Teaming IoT Environments
35.1 What is Red Teaming?
35.2 Red Team vs Blue Team
35.3 Reconnaissance in IoT
35.4 Attack Simulation
35.5 Social Engineering Integration
35.6 Multi-Stage Attacks
35.7 Persistence Techniques
35.8 Data Exfiltration
35.9 Reporting Red Team Results
35.10 Red Team Tools

36. Blue Teaming for IoT
36.1 What is Blue Teaming?
36.2 Defensive Strategies
36.3 Security Monitoring
36.4 Threat Hunting
36.5 Incident Detection
36.6 Log Analysis
36.7 IoT-Specific Defense
36.8 Security Automation
36.9 Blue Team Maturity Models
36.10 Blue Team Tools

37. Threat Intelligence in IoT
37.1 Threat Intelligence Concepts
37.2 IoT Threat Feeds
37.3 Threat Sharing Platforms
37.4 Indicators of Compromise
37.5 Threat Analysis Tools
37.6 Integrating Intelligence
37.7 Proactive Defense
37.8 Automated Response
37.9 Case Studies
37.10 Threat Intelligence Challenges

38. Cryptography in IoT
38.1 Cryptography Basics
38.2 Symmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption
38.3 Key Management in IoT
38.4 Secure Key Storage
38.5 TLS/SSL in IoT
38.6 Lightweight Cryptography
38.7 Cryptographic Vulnerabilities
38.8 Random Number Generation
38.9 Secure Communication Protocols
38.10 Cryptography Best Practices

39. Analyzing IoT Logs and Telemetry
39.1 Importance of Logging
39.2 Log Sources in IoT
39.3 Log Analysis Techniques
39.4 SIEM Integration
39.5 Anomaly Detection
39.6 Log Retention Policies
39.7 Log Security
39.8 Telemetry Data Analysis
39.9 Automated Log Parsing
39.10 Log Analysis Tools

40. Penetration Testing IoT Gateways
40.1 Role of IoT Gateways
40.2 Gateway Architecture
40.3 Attack Surfaces
40.4 Gateway Discovery
40.5 Network Attacks
40.6 Web Interface Attacks
40.7 Protocol Attacks
40.8 Firmware Attacks
40.9 Gateway Hardening
40.10 Reporting Gateway Vulnerabilities

41. SCADA and Industrial IoT Security
41.1 Overview of SCADA/IIoT
41.2 Typical Architectures
41.3 Common Protocols (Modbus, DNP3)
41.4 SCADA Attack Vectors
41.5 Device Hardening
41.6 Network Segmentation
41.7 Physical Security
41.8 Incident Response
41.9 Regulatory Compliance
41.10 Case Studies

42. Smart Home Device Penetration Testing
42.1 Smart Home Overview
42.2 Common Devices
42.3 Wireless Protocols
42.4 Device Discovery
42.5 Exploitation Techniques
42.6 Mobile App Attacks
42.7 Cloud Integration Risks
42.8 Privacy Concerns
42.9 Smart Home Hardening
42.10 Reporting Findings

43. Automotive IoT Security
43.1 Connected Cars Overview
43.2 In-Vehicle Networks (CAN, LIN)
43.3 Remote Access Attacks
43.4 Telematics Security
43.5 Infotainment System Attacks
43.6 Key Fob Attacks
43.7 Automotive Pen Testing Tools
43.8 Privacy and Safety Risks
43.9 Regulatory Standards
43.10 Future Trends

44. Medical IoT Device Security
44.1 Medical IoT Overview
44.2 Regulatory Requirements
44.3 Common Medical Devices
44.4 Data Privacy in Healthcare
44.5 Wireless Attacks
44.6 Device Exploitation
44.7 Patient Safety Risks
44.8 Incident Response
44.9 Medical Device Hardening
44.10 Case Studies

45. IoT Security in Critical Infrastructure
45.1 Role of IoT in Critical Infrastructure
45.2 Threat Landscape
45.3 Attack Surfaces
45.4 Physical Security
45.5 Network Security
45.6 Incident Response
45.7 Regulatory Compliance
45.8 Risk Management
45.9 Case Studies
45.10 Security Best Practices

46. Denial of Service in IoT
46.1 What is DoS and DDoS?
46.2 IoT Devices as DoS Targets
46.3 Botnet Formation
46.4 Mirai and Similar Attacks
46.5 Network Layer DoS
46.6 Application Layer DoS
46.7 DoS Detection
46.8 DoS Mitigation
46.9 Resilience Planning
46.10 Case Studies

47. Responsible Disclosure in IoT
47.1 What is Responsible Disclosure?
47.2 Coordinating with Vendors
47.3 Disclosure Timelines
47.4 Legal Considerations
47.5 Disclosure Platforms
47.6 Writing Disclosure Reports
47.7 Public vs Private Disclosure
47.8 Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure
47.9 Handling Vendor Pushback
47.10 Case Studies

48. Future Trends in IoT Security
48.1 AI in IoT Security
48.2 5G and IoT
48.3 Quantum Computing Impacts
48.4 Blockchain for IoT
48.5 Autonomous Device Security
48.6 Edge Computing Security
48.7 Regulatory Changes
48.8 Security Automation
48.9 Emerging Threats
48.10 Preparing for the Future

49. IoT Security Resources
49.1 Online Communities
49.2 Official Standards and Frameworks
49.3 Tools and Utilities
49.4 Training Platforms
49.5 Conferences and Events
49.6 Research Papers
49.7 IoT Security Blogs
49.8 Capture the Flag (CTF) Events
49.9 Vulnerability Databases
49.10 Books and Publications

50. Final Project: IoT Penetration Test
50.1 Project Planning
50.2 Scoping and Objective Setting
50.3 Device Selection
50.4 Lab Setup
50.5 Enumeration and Reconnaissance
50.6 Vulnerability Assessment
50.7 Exploitation Phase
50.8 Post-Exploitation
50.9 Report Writing
50.10 Project Presentation